none Townesilitus bicolor (Wesmael), a parasite of some crucifer-infesting species of Phyllotreta in Europe, was released in Manitoba, Canada in 1978-83, in an attempt to reduce populations of Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze) and P. striolata (Fab.). Releases totalled 1936 adults of T. bicolor and approximately 2639 Phyllotreta collected in Manitoba and parasitized in the laboratory. No evidence of establishment was found up to 1985 at either of the 2 release sites. The small numbers of parasite released, and dispersal of the host population twice each year, have reduced the probability of the parasite becoming established and of establishment being detected.