分类信息

• 界: Animalia | 动物界
• 门: Arthropoda | 节肢动物门
• 纲: Insecta | 昆虫纲
• 目: Hymenoptera | 膜翅目
• 亚目: Apocrita | 细腰亚目
• 总科: Ichneumonoidea | 姬蜂总科
• 科: Ichneumonidae | 姬蜂科
• 亚科: Metopiinae | 盾脸姬蜂亚科
• 属: Exochus Gravenhorst, 1829 | 凸脸姬蜂属
• 种: Exochus turgidus Holmgren, 1858
• tree:
• 无效名:
  • Exochus torrenti Ceballos, 1960 synonym
• 寄生于:
  • Dioryctria abietella Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775
  • Dioryctria abietivorella Grote, 1878
  • Dioryctria amatella Hulst, 1887
  • Dioryctria auranticella Grote, 1883
  • Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich, 1953
  • Dioryctria pseudotsugella Munroe, 1959
  • Dioryctria reniculelloides Mutuura & Munroe, 1973
  • Dioryctria zimmermani Grote, 1877
  • Petrova albicapitana (Busck, 1914)
• associated plant:
  • Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.
  • Picea glauca
  • Pinus banksiana Lamb. | 北美短叶松
  • Pinus elliottii Engelm. | 湿地松
  • Pinus palustris Mill. | 长叶松
  • Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson | 西黄松
  • Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco | 花旗松

geography information (Including lower)

• 国家/地区: 加拿大 ; 捷克 ; 捷克斯洛伐克 ; 丹麦 ; 芬兰 ; 德国 ; 日本 ; 拉脱维亚 ; 摩尔多瓦 ; 荷兰 ; 波兰 ; 西班牙 ; 瑞典 ; 乌克兰 ;
• 省/行政区: 加利福尼亚州 ; 佛罗里达州 ; 路易斯安那州 ; 蒙大拿州 ; 北卡罗来纳州 ; Primorsky Krai ; 弗吉尼亚州 ;
• 地图:
  Distribution base on taxon

  Distribution base on occurrence/occurrences

description

reference

• Bajári, N.E. and Móczár, L, 1969. Furkeszdarazs-alkatuak 4. Ichneumonoidea 4. Fauna Hungariae. 9:1-122
• Belmont, R.A. and Habeck, D.H, 1983. Parasitoids of Dioryctria spp. (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) coneworms in slash pine seed production areas in north Florida. Florida Entomologist. 66(66):399-407
• Bennett, Andrew M.R, 2008. Review and identification keys to the ichneumonid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Nearctic Choristoneura species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Canadian Entomologist. 140(140):1-47
• Bradley, G.A, 1974. Parasites of forest Lepidoptera in Canada. Subfamily Metopiinae and Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Part 1. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service, Publication. 1336:99
• Brischke, C.G.A, 1871. Die Hymenopteren der Provinz Preussen. Schriften der Physikalisch-ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg. 11(11):65-106
• Carlson, R.W, 1979. Family Ichneumonidae. Stephanidae. In: Krombein K.V., Hurd Jr. P.D., Smith D.R. & Burks B.D. Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington
• Ceballos, G, 1961. Especies de Ichneumonidae nuevas para la fauna española (Hymenoptera). Graellsia. 1:11-18
• Ceballos, G, 1963. Elementos para la lucha biológica. Parasitismo de algunos Icneumónides de la fauna española. Boletín del Servicio de Plagas Forestales. 6:3-6
• Ceballos, G, 1963. Orthocentrinae y Metopiinae de España (Hym. Ichneumonidae). Eos. 3:109-134
• Ceballos, G, 1964. Segundo supplemento al Catálogo de los Himenópteros de España. Eos. 4:43-97
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• Hamel, D.R, 1977. The effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on parasitoids of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the spruce coneworm, Dioryctria reniculelloides (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Montana. Canadian Entomologist. 109(109):1409-1415
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• Holmgren, A.E, 1873. Dispositio methodica Exochorum Sacndinaviae. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar. 30(30):55-78
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• Ozols, E.Ya, 1958. [New species of Ichneumonidae from Latvian SSR.] (in Russian). Trudy Instituta Biologii Akademii Nauk Latv. 5:129-167
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